HIV antibody test
HIV antibody test is the most suitable test for proper diagnosis of HIV among adults. Antibody tests are affordable and very true. ELISA antibody test (enzyme -linked immunoabsorbent) also referred to as EIA (enzyme immunoassay) is an extensive initial HIV test.
How do the antibody test results?
When an individual has been infected with HIV, the whole body reacts by producing unique proteins that fight infection, known as antibodies. HIV antibody test looks for antibodies in the blood, saliva or urine. If antibodies to HIV are found, indicating that an individual has contracted HIV. There are only two exceptions to this rule:
Babies who gave birth to HIV-infected mothers retain their mother's antibodies for approximately eighteen months, which suggests they will test positive by the HIV antibody test, even if they are in fact HIV negative. Generally, babies born to HIV positive mothers receive a PCR (see below) after birth.
Some individuals who have taken part in HIV vaccine studies may have HIV antibodies even if they do not have the virus.
Some people produce HIV antibodies seen within 6-12 weeks after exposure to the HIV virus. In very unusual cases, they can be a period of 6 months, and there is usually a very specific cause antibody to develop so late example of auto - immune conditions. It is highly unlikely that someone would take more time than six months to develop antibodies.
Window period of 3 months
Window period ' is actually a term used to describe the period of time between HIV infection and antibody production. During this period, the antibody test can provide a ' false negative ' outcomes, means that the test will be negative, despite the fact that an individual has contracted HIV. To avoid false negative results, a second test may be recommended after 3 months of contact with people infected with HIV.
A negative test at 3 months will more often than not, suggesting that an individual is infected with HIV. Someone who is tested and continues to be negative after 6 months, and have never risk of HIV infection while, meaning they are not infected with HIV.
It is very important to note that if an individual is infected with HIV, they can still transmit the virus to others during the window period.
How the accuracy of an antibody test?
Antibody test is completely accurate when it comes to detecting the presence of HIV antibodies. ELISA test is undoubtedly sensitive and therefore will detect a small number of HIV antibodies. Higher level of sensitivity, however, mean that they specificity (ability to separate other HIV- antibody antibodies) marginally reduced. There is a reason that the opportunity is simple that the results could come back as ' false positives '.
False-positive results imply that although an individual may not be infected with HIV, their antibody test may come back positive. All positive test results followed by a confirmation test using, for example:
A Western blot assay - one of the oldest but the most precise confirmation of the test antibody. It is really complex to manage, and can even produce indeterminate results if the individual carrying the mortal infection by different viruses.
Indirect immunofluorescence assay - such as Western blot, however it relies on the microscope to detect HIV antibodies.
Line immunoassay - widely used in the European Union. Minimize the risk of sample contamination and was exactly as Western Blot test.
Two ELISA - resource - poor settings with a relatively high frequency, 2 ELISA test is very useful to verify the analysis. 2 Test will often be a variety of commercial producers and make use of alternative first recognition techniques.
When the two tests are bundled, the chances of getting incorrect results may be lower than 1 %.
Rapid HIV testing
Home rapid test (HIV - 1/2)
The HIV test uses the same technology as the ELISA test, but rather then sends samples were analyzed for all clinical, rapid home test produces results in just twenty minutes.
Rapid HIV home test will use a sample of blood or oral fluid. They are really easy to use and do not require laboratory facilities or professional staff.
All positive results from rapid HIV tests must be followed up by using a confirmatory test, the end result usually lasts from several days to several weeks.
Antigen Test (test P24)
Antigen in substances that are found in a foreign body or germ that results in the production of antibodies in the body. HIV antigen is found in most often brought on antibody response is the protein P24. At the beginning of the HIV infection, P24 is produced in excess and will be detected in the blood serum (even after HIV becomes fully established in the body it will eventually be reduced to undetectable concentrations).
P24 antigen tests are usually not used in common HIV diagnostic purposes, because they have very low levels of sensitivity and they only work before antibodies are produced in the period immediately after HIV infection. Which is now generally used as a component of ' fourth generation ' tests?
The fourth -generation test
HIV test most up to date combine P24 antigen tests together with regular antibody test to scale back window ' diagnostic '. Screening for antibodies and P24 antigen seen at the same time has the major advantage of enabling earlier detection and more precise HIV.
In the U.S., the fourth generation of the test will be the main suggestion for testing among people, but not provided by all testing sites. In June 2010, the FDA approved the first fourth- generation tests in the United States.
PCR tests
PCR assays (PCR test) cannot recognize the HIV genetic substance virus antibodies, and therefore can determine HIV in the blood in the weeks just 2 or 3 of infection. The test is also referred to as HIV NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) or viral load test.
Infants who are HIV positive parents are usually tested using PCR tests only because they retain their mother's antibodies for several months, making any antibody test. Blood supply generally in most countries throughout the developing world, filtered using a PCR test for HIV. However, they are not typically used to test for HIV in men and women, because they are very expensive and are much more complex to manage and interpret than usual antibody tests.
HIV home inspection and home HIV test
It is usually suggested that the HIV tests performed by medical professionals, however, in many countries the home inspection and home testing kits available. Quality if the home test kits has increased, and as safe as the test sample and clinical trials.
Sampling at home
Using a home sampling kit, an individual can take a small sample (often a blood sample) and send it to the clinical screening. They have been able to call for the result a few days after that. If the result is positive then a qualified counselor will give you emotional support and advice. The most important benefit of home sampling is convenience, speed, personal privacy and anonymity.
Home testing
To perform the test at home involves that a man or woman do a quick home test for HIV antibodies in their own homes. Individuals in need of a blood or saliva sample and can interpret the results in a few minutes. A positive result will require further confirmation - blood test at a clinic.
In many countries is legal to sell HIV test kits to the public. If the test was purchased via the Internet, check that the original test kit and will give accurate results. Have the most serious online sites that offer HIV testing appliance,
Currently there is a discussion about allowing the kit to be purchased in the USA and the UK. Opposition rejects legalization selling a home testing kits in the UK for post- test counseling is not enough.
HIV antibody test is the most suitable test for proper diagnosis of HIV among adults. Antibody tests are affordable and very true. ELISA antibody test (enzyme -linked immunoabsorbent) also referred to as EIA (enzyme immunoassay) is an extensive initial HIV test.
How do the antibody test results?
When an individual has been infected with HIV, the whole body reacts by producing unique proteins that fight infection, known as antibodies. HIV antibody test looks for antibodies in the blood, saliva or urine. If antibodies to HIV are found, indicating that an individual has contracted HIV. There are only two exceptions to this rule:
Babies who gave birth to HIV-infected mothers retain their mother's antibodies for approximately eighteen months, which suggests they will test positive by the HIV antibody test, even if they are in fact HIV negative. Generally, babies born to HIV positive mothers receive a PCR (see below) after birth.
Some individuals who have taken part in HIV vaccine studies may have HIV antibodies even if they do not have the virus.
Some people produce HIV antibodies seen within 6-12 weeks after exposure to the HIV virus. In very unusual cases, they can be a period of 6 months, and there is usually a very specific cause antibody to develop so late example of auto - immune conditions. It is highly unlikely that someone would take more time than six months to develop antibodies.
Window period of 3 months
Window period ' is actually a term used to describe the period of time between HIV infection and antibody production. During this period, the antibody test can provide a ' false negative ' outcomes, means that the test will be negative, despite the fact that an individual has contracted HIV. To avoid false negative results, a second test may be recommended after 3 months of contact with people infected with HIV.
A negative test at 3 months will more often than not, suggesting that an individual is infected with HIV. Someone who is tested and continues to be negative after 6 months, and have never risk of HIV infection while, meaning they are not infected with HIV.
It is very important to note that if an individual is infected with HIV, they can still transmit the virus to others during the window period.
How the accuracy of an antibody test?
Antibody test is completely accurate when it comes to detecting the presence of HIV antibodies. ELISA test is undoubtedly sensitive and therefore will detect a small number of HIV antibodies. Higher level of sensitivity, however, mean that they specificity (ability to separate other HIV- antibody antibodies) marginally reduced. There is a reason that the opportunity is simple that the results could come back as ' false positives '.
False-positive results imply that although an individual may not be infected with HIV, their antibody test may come back positive. All positive test results followed by a confirmation test using, for example:
A Western blot assay - one of the oldest but the most precise confirmation of the test antibody. It is really complex to manage, and can even produce indeterminate results if the individual carrying the mortal infection by different viruses.
Indirect immunofluorescence assay - such as Western blot, however it relies on the microscope to detect HIV antibodies.
Line immunoassay - widely used in the European Union. Minimize the risk of sample contamination and was exactly as Western Blot test.
Two ELISA - resource - poor settings with a relatively high frequency, 2 ELISA test is very useful to verify the analysis. 2 Test will often be a variety of commercial producers and make use of alternative first recognition techniques.
When the two tests are bundled, the chances of getting incorrect results may be lower than 1 %.
Rapid HIV testing
Home rapid test (HIV - 1/2)
The HIV test uses the same technology as the ELISA test, but rather then sends samples were analyzed for all clinical, rapid home test produces results in just twenty minutes.
Rapid HIV home test will use a sample of blood or oral fluid. They are really easy to use and do not require laboratory facilities or professional staff.
All positive results from rapid HIV tests must be followed up by using a confirmatory test, the end result usually lasts from several days to several weeks.
Antigen Test (test P24)
Antigen in substances that are found in a foreign body or germ that results in the production of antibodies in the body. HIV antigen is found in most often brought on antibody response is the protein P24. At the beginning of the HIV infection, P24 is produced in excess and will be detected in the blood serum (even after HIV becomes fully established in the body it will eventually be reduced to undetectable concentrations).
P24 antigen tests are usually not used in common HIV diagnostic purposes, because they have very low levels of sensitivity and they only work before antibodies are produced in the period immediately after HIV infection. Which is now generally used as a component of ' fourth generation ' tests?
The fourth -generation test
HIV test most up to date combine P24 antigen tests together with regular antibody test to scale back window ' diagnostic '. Screening for antibodies and P24 antigen seen at the same time has the major advantage of enabling earlier detection and more precise HIV.
In the U.S., the fourth generation of the test will be the main suggestion for testing among people, but not provided by all testing sites. In June 2010, the FDA approved the first fourth- generation tests in the United States.
PCR tests
PCR assays (PCR test) cannot recognize the HIV genetic substance virus antibodies, and therefore can determine HIV in the blood in the weeks just 2 or 3 of infection. The test is also referred to as HIV NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) or viral load test.
Infants who are HIV positive parents are usually tested using PCR tests only because they retain their mother's antibodies for several months, making any antibody test. Blood supply generally in most countries throughout the developing world, filtered using a PCR test for HIV. However, they are not typically used to test for HIV in men and women, because they are very expensive and are much more complex to manage and interpret than usual antibody tests.
HIV home inspection and home HIV test
It is usually suggested that the HIV tests performed by medical professionals, however, in many countries the home inspection and home testing kits available. Quality if the home test kits has increased, and as safe as the test sample and clinical trials.
Sampling at home
Using a home sampling kit, an individual can take a small sample (often a blood sample) and send it to the clinical screening. They have been able to call for the result a few days after that. If the result is positive then a qualified counselor will give you emotional support and advice. The most important benefit of home sampling is convenience, speed, personal privacy and anonymity.
Home testing
To perform the test at home involves that a man or woman do a quick home test for HIV antibodies in their own homes. Individuals in need of a blood or saliva sample and can interpret the results in a few minutes. A positive result will require further confirmation - blood test at a clinic.
In many countries is legal to sell HIV test kits to the public. If the test was purchased via the Internet, check that the original test kit and will give accurate results. Have the most serious online sites that offer HIV testing appliance,
Currently there is a discussion about allowing the kit to be purchased in the USA and the UK. Opposition rejects legalization selling a home testing kits in the UK for post- test counseling is not enough.