Background:

The history of South Africa was marked both by the brutal apartheid system which constituted a system of racial segregation which lasted from 1948 to 1993 as well as the remarkable transition to democracy under the leadership of former imprisoned anti-apartheid activist and future president, Nelson Mandela. Mandela was succeeded by Thabo Mbeki of the African National Congress (ANC) party which currently dominates local South African politics.

The Cold War:

In the cold war era, containing Soviet influence around the world dominated U.S. calculations toward South Africa as was the case with many other countries. U.S. officials viewed South Africa as an important strategic ally in an unstable region that stood against the spread of communism. Consequently all U.S. administrations in the 1970's and 80's opposed strong economic sanctions against South Africa while still rhetorically condemning the apartheid system.

United States Comprehensive Antiapartheid Act:

The United States joined the international community in 1986 in imposing economic sanctions against South Africa when the congress passed the United States Comprehensive Antiapartheid Act (USCAA) which led to a significant loss of American business in the country. Sanctions were lifted in 1991 by then president George Bush when South Africa made its initial push towards democracy and the abolition of the apartheid system.

Financial Engagement:

After fully transitioning into a democratic system the U.S.

began sending aid packages in support of South Africa. Trade between both countries also increased with an influx of investment by American companies.

AIDS:

With more than five million people living with AIDS, the epidemic constitutes one of the major challenges currently facing South Africa. As a part of President George W. Bush's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, the U.S. is providing almost 237 million dollars to South Africa in support of AIDS combating efforts.

Cooperation:

US and South Africa currently cooperate on many projects including the African Contingency Operations Training Assistance which works toward expanding peace-building capabilities in Africa and working on solving problems in neighboring African countries such as Zimbabwe. Additionally, the military relationship between both countries continues to grow.