- 1). Plan the location of the pond. In a small backyard, you may want to build the pond close to your patio or outdoor entertainment area, especially if you plan to include a fountain. It will be more aesthetically appealing if it blends in with the existing landscaping, and if you plan to stock it with fish, it should not get too hot or too cold. In addition, too many trees around a pond can create a lot of extra work cleaning out the leaves. A larger pond also requires careful planning. It should be created in a natural depression or in a low location where it will receive the most runoff from rainfall.
- 2). Obtain a permit, if necessary. Contact your local city or county building and zoning or health department to apply for a permit. In some U.S. counties and cities, a permit may not be required. In others, you may have to allow a professional to conduct an environmental study prior to excavation.
- 3). Measure and mark the general dimensions and excavate. Use marking paint or string and stakes to show the location and extent of the pond. For a small backyard pond, you should be able to dig the hole with a shovel. A larger pond will require a backhoe or other heavy equipment. Utilize the dirt that comes out of the building area for land sculpting or to make low undulating hills. Alternatively, it can be piled high to create a natural privacy screen.
- 4). Line the pond. Hardware stores and builder's stores stock a wide selection of prefabricated pond bases made from plastic or fiberglass. Alternatively, you can purchase waterproof sheeting to lay in the bottom. Large ponds usually are porous unless the clay content of your soil is exceptionally high. Mix a handful of soil with water in your hand and squeeze it to form a tight ball. If the ball stays together, you have clay. Place it in water and see how long it takes to dissipate. If it stays together, the pond may hold water. To be certain, plow sodium bentonite into the pond soil. This will help seal it when wet.
- 5). Fill the pond with water. Rocks or faux rocks around the edges of a backyard pond can enhance its appeal. If you are installing a fountain, hook up the pump and electrics. Purchase aquatic plants and surround the pond with flowering shrubs and greenery. Clean up the edges of a larger pond and plant sod. Wait for the rain to fill it and stock your pond with fish when you are certain it will hold water.
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