- 1). Start with a balanced system. A balanced system needs far less filtration in the first place and will require less filter cleaning. Cover 40 to 60 percent of the pond surface with marginals, floating-leaf plants and free-floating plants. Do not overstock fish. They are one of the main sources of pond pollution, and buildup of their wastes and uneaten food cause algae blooms. Fish vary greatly in variety and waste production, so consult the aquatic store from which you purchased your fish to determine the manageable number of fish for your pond.
- 2). During the autumn season, skim leaves weekly, using a pool or pond skimmer with a long handle. Some evergreen trees also shed copiously in the spring, so you may have to skim weekly then, too. During the rest of the year, skim as needed to remove organic and debris buildup on the surface -- before it sinks. Avoid doing messy yard work near the pond (mowing, digging or trimming hedges) on windy days. Plant a border of low-to-medium-height shrubs around the pool to help prevent large amounts of debris from blowing into the pool.
- 3). Turn off the pump before accessing the filter for cleaning. Disconnect and remove the filter and any debris that has built up around it. Fill a small tub with pond water, and scrub the filter with this water. Do not use chlorinated water to clean the filter, because this will kill beneficial microbes.
Fiber filters should return to their original color after rinsing. Check for holes or other damage at this time. If necessary, change the filter. Lava rock filters should be replaced every three years, because the pores in the rock clog up. Don’t allow bio media to dry out. Clean the pump as well, and check it for defects. - 4). Replace the pump and the filter, and turn on the system. Watch for leaks, low water pressure or any other irregularities in the system. Clean the filter yearly during the spring, before the microbes in the water return to their normal functions. The thermometer in your pond should read between 45 and 55 degrees (Fahrenheit). If the water flow rate drops, turn off the pump and check for filter clogs.
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