Barrel Vault

• A barrel vault is created by the extrusion of a single curve, which tends to be circular in shape. The curve makes the vault appear as a semicylindrical shape. This is the simplest form of vault ceilings and is often seen as a series of arches, one after the other. Used extensively in Roman, Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian architecture, some fine examples of this type of vaulted ceiling can be found in Italy at the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican and at Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli.
  
  

Rib Vault

• A rib vault is created by the intersection of two or three barrel vaults. The intersection creates a rib pattern along the length of the building. Popular as part of the Gothic architectural style, the rib vault was extensively used from the 11th century onward. The use of the rib vault allows for windows to be introduced at a higher level in the building. A fine example of a rib vault can be found in Durham Cathedral at Durham, England.
  
  

Groin Vault

• Also known as a double barrel or cross vault, the groin vault is produced by the intersection of two barrel vaults at right angles to each other. First used by the Romans and used extensively in medieval times, great skill is required to create a groin vault. This is one of the strongest vaults as it requires abutting only at the four corners. Examples of the groin vault can be found in Italy at the Baths of Caracalla in Rome and the Santa Maria Maggiore di Firenze church in Florence.
  
  

Dome

• The dome of the Pantheon in Rome.Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images
  
  A dome resembles the upper half of a sphere and appears self-supporting. This form of vaulted ceiling has been popular throughout the ages. The dome can be found in slightly different forms, such as an onion dome, sail dome, parabolic dome and oval dome. Examples of a dome vaulted ceiling can be found at St. Paul's Cathedral in London; the Pantheon in Rome and the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul.