- Overly moist soil conditions over a period of time can produce a fungus gnat infestation. Temporary cessation of watering and allowing soil to dry will easily solve this problem. Fungus gnats thrive in overly moist soil, where they lay eggs that hatch into gnat larvae. The larvae feeds on mulch, compost, leaf mold and root hairs. Identify the gnats by their tiny bodies and habit of hovering in the top layer of soil around the plant. These insects abound when there is decaying or molding soil and plant matter. Their presence can diminish the plant's vigor if they become excessive. Providing adequate drainage will eliminate these factors and control the gnat population.
- A number of fungi may inhabit the lime tree and cause harm. Often caused by excess moisture, such infections may occur alongside fungus gnats and seriously diminish a tree's health, possibly leading to its death. Root rot is one of the most serious diseases caused by fungi. Identify foot rot by the growing, sunken area that extends from root up the trunk, discoloring and softening the bark of the tree. A gummy substance begins oozing from the trunk when the rot becomes serious enough. Eventually it can cause yellowing leaf veins, dying foliage, and harm the vigor of the tree.
Greasy spot and melanose are also fungal diseases occurring in lime trees. They both appear as brown spots on leaves. The former causes spots that appear greasy while causing leaf loss and diminishing yield extensively. The latter results in spots that eventually become raised and give leaves a sandpaper-like texture. - To treat most fungal infections and fungus gnat problems, eliminate excess moisture and over-watering practices. If possible, increase sun exposure and air circulation to the tree. Fill any basins around the tree base with soil. Water buildup in that area is sure to cause foot rot and can potentially kill the tree early in its life. Use care to avoid damaging the trunk as this can allow foot rot infection. Avoid mulching to prevent excess moisture buildup.
- Proper fungicide application can help control greasy spot, melanose and foot rot. Apply copper fungicides or horticultural oil to control greasy spot. One application in May to June is usually effective. To treat melanose, remove any dead wood, which is often the main source of melanose-causing fungi spores, and apply copper fungicide during the rainy season. Some fungicides are approved for foot rot but have limited application; follow label instructions when applying such treatments.
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