Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) increase your levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine by interrupting the production of monoamine oxidase. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that breaks down these neurotransmitters. It also breaks down the chemical tyramine, which is in wines and aged foods (such as cheese). When monoamine oxidase is inhibited, there is an increase of tyramine in your body. This can result in an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, if you are taking an MAOI, you must follow dietary recommendations to reduce your tyramine intake. Examples of MAOIs are phenalzine (Nardil), isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranycypromine (Parnate) and selegiline transdermal system (EMSAM). Side effects for some MAOIs may include dry mouth, headache, fatigue, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, tremors and muscle spasms.
  
  

Tricyclic Antidepressants

• Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) help relieve depression by increasing your level of norepinephrine and to a lesser degree serotonin. TCAs may result in cardiovascular problems such as abnormal heart rates and orthostatic hypotention (a temporary low pressure). Therefore, TCAs are not recommended for individuals with cardiovascular conditions. Examples of TCAs include amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep), clomipramine (Anafranil), imipramine (Tofranil), nortiptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) and doxepin (Sinequan, Adapin). Side effects of TCAs may include constipation, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, urinary hesitation, vision problems and increased heart rate.
  
  

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increase your level of serotonin. They have fewer side effects than MOAIs and TCAs. According to MedicineNet, SSRIs are prescribed more frequently than other classes of antidepressants. Examples of SSRIs include citalopram (Celexa), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), sertraline (Zoloft), escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafrem). Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, headaches, diarrhea, insomnia, agitation, restlessness, weight gain or weight loss, and sexual dysfunction. Many of these side effects improve over time.
  
  

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

• Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), the newest type of antidepressants, increase your levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. SNRIs have similar side effects to SSRIs. Examples of SNRIs include venlafaxine (Effexor), duloxetine (Cymbalta) and desvenlafaxine (Pristiq). Side effects may include diarrhea, dizziness, headache, insomnia, rash, vomiting and gas.
  
  

Precautions

• To prevent serious drug interactions, inform your doctor of all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. If your condition does not improve or worsens, contact your doctor as soon as possible. If you experience thoughts of suicide you should seek immediate medical attention.